Thanks to the increase in surgical techniques, surgeons are nowadays capable of performing spinal surgery from the front for certain spinal conditions.
This has the advantage that the posterior dorsal muscles do not have to be harmed and nerve structures do not have to be manipulated (and so, they cannot be damaged during spinal surgery).
ALIF surgery consists of fixing the lower back using an anterior approach. The orthopaedic spinal surgeon will access the spine through an incision in the abdomen. Thanks to a particular surgical technique they will not have to work through the abdominal cavity, but they can go behind the intestines.
This approach has significant advantages with regard to postoperative rehabilitation. As with any surgery, there are also disadvantages. Since surgery is performed close to major blood vessels, there is always a risk of them becoming damaged. Sometimes a larger incision will have to be made to repair a possible blood vessel injury. We always ask a vascular surgeon for assistance in that case.
In men there is also a risk of retrograde ejaculation (<1%) when semen enters into the bladder instead of going out.